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Some 650 million users were still playing Flash-based games on the social network’s website, but Facebook had for years been looking for a way to make its games work on its mobile apps.
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“Looking ahead, we encourage content creators to build with new web standards,” the company said. In a separate blog post in November 2015, an Adobe product manager noted that “over a third of all content created in Flash Professional uses HTML5.”įacebook, meanwhile, became Flash’s last bastion. Upon announcing the rebranding, Adobe said Animate CC would be its “premier web animation tool for developing HTML5 content while continuing to support the creation of Flash content.” The company didn’t set an end-of-life date for the Flash Player plugin-it still hasn’t-but said in its announcement that developers should abandon the platform. HTML5 became a catch-all term for the New Web: a pure, plugin-free internet experience that worked as well on the phone as it did on the desktop.Īdobe discontinued Edge Animate at the end of 2015, then renamed the Flash Professional app to Animate CC. That misunderstanding, it turned out, was bad for Flash. Jobs took care to name those technologies in his note, but the nuance was somewhat lost in public discourse.
HTML5 also added support for vector graphics, but they could not be animated or made interactive without the use of JavaScript and CSS, both of which require coding expertise. What made it distinct from previous versions of HTML was that it added some new features, like the ability to directly embed audio and video files that would be playable in web browsers.
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HTML5, on the other hand, was just a markup language: structured code that tells web browsers where elements should be rendered, and how they should be formatted. Flash included advanced video-serving features, like DRM and full-screen support, and provided designers and developers with a sophisticated app for creating interactive animations. The idea that HTML5 could fully replace Flash was based on widespread misconceptions about the former’s capabilities.
“Today, Adobe Flash provides the best platform for YouTube’s video distribution requirements, which is why our primary video player is built with it.” “While HTML5’s video support enables us to bring most of the content and features of YouTube to computers and other devices that don’t support Flash Player, it does not yet meet all of our needs,” the post said. A few months after Jobs’ note, a post on YouTube’s developer blog said that although the company had made most of its videos available on HTML5, the technology wasn’t quite ready for primetime. Facebook’s wildly popular suite of games, including FarmVille and Words with Friends, was built on Flash, as was YouTube’s video player. More important, it remained an integral part of the web.
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“Rather than use Flash, Apple has adopted HTML5, CSS and JavaScript-all open standards.”Īpple’s hardline stance was ominous, but Flash was still available on Android devices, and could be used to create native apps for iOS. “Though the operating system for the iPhone, iPod and iPad is proprietary, we strongly believe that all standards pertaining to the web should be open,” he wrote, knowingly throwing stones from inside Apple’s very proprietary glass house. The problem with Flash, he wrote, was that it was insecure and resource-intensive, and its plugin was overly proprietary. Jobs made the case for HTML5 and JavaScript, pointing out that they were based on open standards that web browsers could build on. In 2010, Steve Jobs posted a note to the Apple website to clarify his thoughts on Flash, and further cement HTML5 as the new standard. With the nascent mobile web in mind, developers across the world began moving away from Flash and toward HTML5. At the time, the fifth version of HTML was about to emerge, and promised to replace some of the functionality Flash provided.
The earliest signal of Flash’s fall came in 2007, when Apple decided not to support it in the newly introduced iPhone. Internet archivists are already dealing with that difficulty, and recent developments in browser support for Flash are making their task all the more urgent.
That doesn’t just mean Flash is at risk of becoming obsolete it also makes Flash content difficult to preserve for future generations. Flash wasn’t included in the study, but also would have fallen into the high-risk category: It’s a complex and largely closed format that has gone through many versions, and has just one vendor supporting it. The file formats found to be at the highest risk were MAC (macro files), SXW (OpenOffice documents), and DXF (AutoCad files)-all outdated formats with niche user bases.